What is Arduino?

Introduction: 

Engineers, scientists, and programmers around the world are engaged in ways to simplify and facilitate the teaching of science and engineering principles by employing modern technology in the learning process. 

With the software and open-source software revolution, we must keep up with the world in this area and take advantage of this boom to develop the capabilities and potential of young people to participate effectively in the development and production. 

The goal is to move from the prevailing consumer mentality to the productive mentality by making it more likely to learn and acquire the software and engineering skills. 

This article is your introduction to the exciting world of Arduino that allows you to implement many useful electronic projects and ideas. 

Preface:

Arduino is an electronic board that facilitates the programming of controllers to facilitate their use in various innovations and electronic projects. 

Previously, students and amateurs had to deal with microcontrollers directly and install electronic circuits and use more complex software languages. Now, this process has become easier with a simplified software board and a simplified programming language in addition to an impressive array of accessories and applications. 

What are integrated circuits? 

It is a miniature electronic circuit and is among what is known as microtechnology, which is also part of electronic engineering and is the latest revolution in the world of electronics. 

The microchip is made of silicon material with an area of several millimeters and is called a silicon chip. this silicon chip contains thousands of very fine electronic components such as transistors, resistors, and capacitors that bind together to be integrated electronic circuits, and was first produced in the United States of America in 1958. 

What are microcontrollers? 

The Micro Controller includes all families of programmable(IC) chip, the most famous of which are the(PIC)of Microchip and (AVR) from ATMEL these segments are characterized by the ability to store data and programs that are written and downloaded in the controller through the computer via the data transmitter of the owner to perform specific tasks according to the program. 

Most of the devices around us contain microcontrollers, the controller is a very small computer. It contains: 

A Processor: A unit to execute commands and calculations 

A Memory: To store the program's memory and data permanently or temporarily. 

A Clock: which is very important, and the processor does not work without it, it determines the speed at which information is processed. 

What is the Arduino board? 

It is an electronic development board consisting of an open-source electronic circuit with a precise controller from ATMEL on a single computer-programmed panel. 

One of the things that has helped to quickly spread is that it is open-source, we mean here that all the technical, design, and software details about Arduino and all the projects it does have been published and anyone has access to and can modify them. 

Arduino is programmed in Arduino c. It is derived from The C language, which is essentially one of the modern programming languages and their base. 

What are the advantages of Arduino?

 

1- Cheap price. 

2- Easy to deal with. 

3-The simplicity of the programming language.

 

4- Provides many accessories for them.

 

5- Libraries are available for most of their accessories.

 

6- Open source which helps to speed up its development.

 

7. You can link them to powerful programming languages such as MATLAB and JAVA. 

Some types of Arduino boards:

A look at the properties of the most important Arduino boards: 

1-Arduino Nano 

Control Number Used: ATMEGA328P 

Number of inputs and outputs (Digital I/O):  14 

Number of analog legs: (Analog) 8 legs 

Number of UART Legs: Only Two legs 

PWM legs: 6 legs 

2- Arduino Uno 

Control number used: ATMEGA328P 

Number of inputs and outputs (Digital I/O): 14 

Number of analog legs: (Analog) 6 legs 

Number of UART Legs: Only Two legs 

PWM Legs: 6 Legs 

3- Arduino Mega 2560 

Control Number Used: ATmega2560 

Number of inputs and outputs (Digital I/O): 45 

Number of analog legs: (Analog) 16 legs 

Number of UART Legs: 4 legs 

PWM legs: 15 

What are the uses of Arduino? 

Arduino has a lot of great practical applications, including: 

1- Projects of measuring temperature, humidity, light ... Etc. 

2-Device controller projects and results displaying on LCD 

3- Distance measurement projects. 

4- Controlling house devices over the phone. 

5- Making a robot. 

6- Fire alarm. 

7- Car control projects by telephone. 

8- Watering crops automatically. 

9- A sun-follower device. 

10- GPS devices. 

The uses of Arduino cannot be limited to their abundance, you can use them in any projects that come to mind! 

Information about Arduino UNO: 

It is considered one of the most popular types of Arduino, because of its low price and the number of legs that are suitable and adequate. 

There are some terms that are important to know in the world of Arduino: 

Boot loader - - > software part already stored in the microcontroller and is responsible on how to use the software in the computer and store it in the exact control. 

SRAM ----------- > is the memory used to record or store temporary period variables. 

Flash Memory-> is where we will store the software permanently. 

EEPROM - a memory in which variables are permanently stored even if the power is separated from the controller...